We also propose a device that converts spin current into electric one by means of a. Seebeck and peltier effects introduction thermal energy is usually a byproduct of other forms of energy such as chemical energy, mechanical energy, and electrical energy. Influence of thickness and interface on the lowtemperature enhancement of the spin seebeck effect in yig films. Nov 22, 2018 the seebeck effect forms the basis of the thermocouple, which is among the most accurate devices for measuring temperature.
Thermomagnonic spin transfer and peltier effects in insulating magnets. Simultaneous detection of the spinhall magnetoresistance and. In the previous work, it is reported that the spinseebeck effect sse, which refer to the generation of a spin current from a temperature gradient, can be enhanced by fe interface treatment. The spinseebeck effect mediated thermoelectric energy conversion can provide efficient. This voltage appears as a result of the conversion of a spin cur rent into an electric one by the inverse spin hall effect ishe.
The spin seebeck effect sse 119 refers to the generation of a spin current js as a result of a temperature gradient. The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of spin voltage as a result of a temperature gradient in ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials. Thermoelectric effect, materials, measurement and application energy conservation, use and efficiency are increasing important issues in the daily lives of all people in the modern world. Spin engineering in its generic sense became possible only after the first experimental characterization of spin in the sterngerlach experiment in 1922 followed by the development of relativistic quantum mechanics by paul dirac. This is the socalled spin seebeck effect that generates spin current. The spin seebeck effect sse in platinum pt and tantalum ta on yttrium iron garnet yig has been investigated by both externally heating the sample using an onchip pt heater on top of the device as well as by currentinduced heating. Influence of thickness and interface on the lowtemperature. Spinseebeck effects in ni81fe19pt films request pdf. This chapter presents the most fundamental principles of the spin seebeck effect. Giant enhancement in rashba spinseebeck effect in nifepsi. Downloaded from the university of groningenumcg research database pure. The spin seebeck effect sse describes the phenomenon that spin currents can be thermally excited by a temperature gradient across magnetic materials. Thus, the spin seebeck effect sse is detected through the inverse spin hall effect in heavy metal pt electrodes with a strong spin orbit interaction. The spin seebeck effect sse converts thermally induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic materials to spin currents, but is so far an inefficient process.
For sse measurements, external heating is the most common method to obtain clear signals. Spin dependent seebeck effect in aharonovbohm rings with rashba and dresselhaus spin orbit interactions bin liua, yunyun lia, jun zhoua,n, tsuneyoshi nakayamaa,b, baowen lic a center for phononics and thermal energy science, school of physics science and engineering, tongji university, shanghai 200092, peoples republic of china b hokkaido university, sapporo 0600826, japan. Erjia guo,1,2 joel cramer,1 andreas kehlberger,1 ciaran a. Files available from the acs website may be downloaded for personal use only. The spin seebeck e ect attracted a lot of attention due to possible applications. The chapter briefly presents the major experimental results for the spin seebeck effect in all major materials and two different geometric configurations used in the experiments. The relevant spins are effective only in the magnetically ordered state and are mainly due to spatially localized electrons. Origin of the thicknessdependent lowtemperature enhancement. The process in which electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy is called joule heating. Selfpowered temperature sensor with seebeck effect. This is what causes wires to heat up when current runs through.
Intense research was sparked by the discovery of the spin seebeck effect 1416. Spindependent seebeck effect in aharonovbohm rings with. Pdf broadband optical detection using the spin seebeck. Pdf spin seebeck effect near the antiferromagnetic spin. Observation of the spin seebeck effect request pdf researchgate. Spin seebeck effect spintronics for next generation. Thermoelectric generation based on spin seebeck effects. If you have a disability and are having trouble accessing information on this website or need materials in an alternate format, contact web. Request pdf spinseebeck effects in ni81fe19pt films the spinseebeck effect sse converts a heat current into a spin current, a flow of spin angular.
Explanation simply the seebeck effect is an obtained tension continuation. Gilbert llg phenomenology for describing the magnetization dynamics, the spin. Giant enhancement in rashba spinseebeck effect in nifep. The seebeck effect is used in thermoelectric generators, which function like heat engines, but are less bulky, have no moving parts, and are typically more expensive and less efficient. University of groningen thermoelectric effects in magnetic. Theory of the spin seebeck effect internet archive. The sse is observed in the topological insulator bi 2 te 3 without application of an external magnetic field. The seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a voltage. Giant spin seebeck effect through an interface organic. We establish the interfacial antiferromagnetic spin seebeck effect in nio as a probe of surface n. Chapter 10 introduction to thermoelectricity department of applied physics, waseda university ichiro terasaki 10. The seebeck effect forms the basis of the thermocouple, which is among the most accurate devices for measuring temperature. By imaging before and after applying currentinduced spin torque, we resolve spin. Spin seebeck power generators universitas indonesia.
Thermomagnonic spin transfer and peltier effects in. The spin seebeck effect allows us to pass a pure spin current 19, a flow of electron spins without electric currents, over a long distance. Xpt, x cu, ag, and au modelled in linear, ladder, and double zigzag dzz topologies. Comparisons to commonly known thermoelectrics can be made using the seebeck coefficient an external file that holds a picture, illustration.
Pdf broadband optical detection using the spin seebeck effect. Request pdf observation of the spin seebeck effect the generation of electric voltage by placing a conductor in a temperature gradient is. It describes the generation of an electromotive force in a paramagnetic metal, attached to a. The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which enables the thermal injection of spin. Observation of the spin seebeck effect in bi2te3 topological. The spin figure of merit zst and its charge counterpart zct are calc. Room temperature and lowfield resonant enhancement of. Recent increases in energy costs here in the united states, industrial growth throughout the world, plus the. Our results reveal a characteristic increase of the longitudinal spin seebeck effect amplitude with the thickness of the insulating ferrimagnetic yig, which levels off at a critical thickness that increases with decreasing temperature. It should be noted that these magnon or spin related effects are based on thermally nonequilibrium spin currents. Spin seebeck effect and ballistic transport of quasiacoustic. Time resolved spin seebeck effect experiments as a probe of magnon.
In this article we propose a simple and lowcost experimental setup through which science educators can demonstrate the seebeck effect using a thermocouple and an instrumentation amplifier. Seebeck and peltier effects university of mississippi. We have investigated using first principles the occurrence and tunability of the spin seebeck effect in ptbased bimetallic wires of noble metals viz. Simultaneous detection of the spin hall magnetoresistance and the spin seebeck effect in platinum andtantalumonyttriumirongarnet n. One such effect, called the spin seebeck effect, allows for heat to move magnetic information. The seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a voltage difference between the two substances. Sep 26, 2010 by using the spin seebeck effect, the generation of an electric voltage from a heat gradient is demonstrated for the first time in an insulator. Seebeck e ect is the spin analogy to the conventional seebeck e ect.
Here, we demonstrate that sandwiching c 60 in between a magnetic insulator y 3 fe 5 o 12. The longitudinal spin seebeck effect sse in magnetic insulator nonmagnetic metal heterostructures has been theoretically studied, primarily with the assumption of an isotropic interfacial. In contrast to the spinseebeck signal, the nernst voltage exhibits no spatial dependence. A selfpowered temperature sensor based on seebeck effect transduction. By imaging before and after applying currentinduced spin torque, we resolve spin domain rotation and domain wall motion.
This theory was the first to accommodate the spin of the electron and its magnetic moment. By imaging before and after applying currentinduced spin torque, we resolve spin domain rotation and domain wall motion, acting simultaneously. It starts with some basic concepts that are crucial in understanding the spin seebeck effect, including the landau. Spin seebeck effect and thermoelectric phenomena in. We establish the interfacial antiferromagnetic spin seebeck effect in nio as a probe of surface neel order. These spin currents can be injected into an adjacent heavy metal layer with a high spinorbit coupling, which allows one to electrically detect the.
The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which enables the thermal injection of spin currents from the ferromagnet into an attached nonmagnetic metal over a macroscopic scale of several millimeters. Yig and a nonmagnetic, strong spin orbit metal pt promotes highly efficient spin current transport via the thermally driven spin seebeck effect sse. The spinseebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Seebeck and peltier effects v department of physics. Typically, the spin seebeck effect is indirectly detected by an electric voltage in a thin film of a heavy normal metal e. The spin current is then induced in the paramagnetic transition metal tm, and converted into an electrical current by means. The observed behavior cannot be explained as an interface effect or by variations of the material parameters. The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which enables the thermal. We perform transformation using 3x3 matrix r, aligning the axis z with local magnetization. When two ends of a conductor are held at different temperatures electrons at the hot junction at higher thermal velocities diffuse to the. Spin seebeck effect and ballistic transport of quasi. It is well established for magnetic insulators with metallic contacts, at which a magnon flow is converted into a conductionelectron spin current by the interfacial exchange interaction 20 and. Simultaneous detection of the spinhall magnetoresistance. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page.
The opposite phenomenon, the this page intentionally left blank this page intentionally left blank fundamental constants quantity symbol values elementary charge 1. Recent studies on the spin seebeck effect have been. Pt, pd, w deposited on the surface of a magnetic material. University of groningen simultaneous detection of the spin.
When a conductor is attached to a magnet under a temperature gradient, the thermally generated spin voltage in the magnet injects a spin current into the conductor, which in turn produces electric. The inverse spin hall effect is conventionally used to detect the sse and offers advantages for large area applications. The seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a. The seebeck effect refers to the generation of an electromotive force by a temperature gradient 46, which can be employed for thermoelectric power generators. Possibilities in thermoelectric conversion using a new.
This is followed by a discussion on the theoretical mechanism that governs the spin seebeck effect. The discovery of the spin dependent seebeck effect sdse, where thermal gradients over a bulk fm 2 or across an interface to a normal metal 3 generate scs, opened a path towards overcoming such limitations. Alloyinginduced spin seebeck effect and spin figure of. The spin seebeck effect observed here is directly applicable to the production of spinvoltage generators, which are crucial for driving spintronic 15,16,17,18 devices. The spin seebeck effect is of increasing importance in spintronics, since it enables direct generation of a spin current from heat and appears in a variety of magnets ranging from metals and semiconductors to insulators. It describes the generation of an electromotive force in a paramagnetic metal, attached to a ferromagnet, by a temperature gradient 9,106. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage. Interfacing an organic semiconductor c60 with a nonmagnetic metallic thin film cu or pt has created a novel heterostructure that is ferromagnetic at ambient temperature, while its interface with a magnetic metal fe or co can tune the anisotropic magnetic surface property of the material. Giant spin seebeck effect could provide power from waste heat spin phonon effect increased fold in semiconductor with strong spin orbit interactions an osu research team has been studying the interaction between heat and magnetic materials. They have a use in power plants for converting waste heat into additional electrical power a form of energy recycling.
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